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<title>How to Permanently Change Your MAC Address on Linux </title>
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<meta property=og:description name=og:description content="Every network interface has a unique MAC address, set by the manufacturer. It’s how network connections identify connection endpoints. On Linux, you can permanently change a MAC address if you want.">
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<h1 class=entry-title><a aria-label="How to Permanently Change Your MAC Address on Linux" title="How to Permanently Change Your MAC Address on Linux" href=https://www.howtogeek.com/880124/how-to-permanently-change-your-mac-address-on-linux/>How to Permanently Change Your MAC Address on Linux</a></h1>
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<a class="p-author h-card vcard author post-author bio_popup_on_hover_1" href=https://www.howtogeek.com/author/davidmckay/><span class=fn>Dave McKay</span></a><div class=bio_popup_hoverbox_1><img alt src="data:image/webp;base64,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<div style=display:inline-block> <time class="post-date published" datetime=2023-03-31T11:00:41-04:00>Mar 31, 2023, 11:00 am EDT</time>
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<article id=post-880124 class="post-880124 post type-post status-publish format-standard category-the-geek-blog tag-features breadcrumbs-linux">
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<figure style=width:1920px class="wp-caption alignnone"><img class="type:primaryImage size-full wp-image-872362" data-pagespeed-no-defer src=data:image/webp;base64,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<div class=keytakeaways>You can set a permanent new MAC address in the terminal using the macchanger utility and a systemctl unit file. Or in GNOME, go to Settings > Wi-Fi [or Network] > Identity, and enter a custom MAC address.</div><p>Every network interface has a unique MAC address, set by the manufacturer. It’s how network connections identify connection endpoints. On Linux, you can permanently change a MAC address if you want.</p>
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<div class=autotoc_wrapper><strong class=moka_autotoc_heading>Table of Contents</strong><p><blockquote class=moka_autotoc><p><a href=#autotoc_anchor_0>What Is a MAC Address?</a><br><a href=#autotoc_anchor_1>Finding Your MAC Address</a><br><a href=#autotoc_anchor_2>Use macchanger to Change Your Linux MAC Address</a><br><small><a style=margin-left:10px href=#autotoc_anchor_3>Installing macchanger</a></small><br><small><a style=margin-left:10px href=#autotoc_anchor_4>Using macchanger to Temporarily Change a MAC Address</a></small><br><a href=#autotoc_anchor_5>How to Permanently Change a MAC Address</a><br><a href=#autotoc_anchor_6>Permanently Changing a MAC Address with GNOME</a><br><a href=#autotoc_anchor_7>Be Careful!</a><br></p></blockquote></div>
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<h2 role=heading aria-level=2><a name=autotoc_anchor_0></a>What Is a MAC Address?</h2>
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<p><a href=https://www.howtogeek.com/764868/what-is-a-mac-address-and-how-does-it-work/>A MAC address</a> is a unique code used to identify by networks to identify devices as connection endpoints. It answers the critical question of “who’s who” among network interfaces.</p>
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<p>Every piece of network equipment has at least one network interface built into it. A desktop computer or a server may have multiple network cards installed in them. Many laptops are supplied with a CAT5 network socket and a Wi-Fi card, giving you two network interfaces straight out of the box.<div class=future_hybrid_paragraph></div>
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<p>Every network interface has a unique, baked-in identifier. Regardless of the network protocol that is used to communicate with that device, at the lowest level, the connection is identified by its <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address>media access control</a>, or MAC, address. That’s why they have to be unique. Making your network interface use a different MAC address is called <em>spoofing</em>.<div class=future_hybrid_paragraph></div>
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<p>A MAC address is made up of six hexadecimal numbers. They’re written with a colon “:” or a hyphen “-” between each of the six numbers. Here’s a MAC address from one of our test computers.<div class=future_hybrid_paragraph></div>
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<pre>b0:c0:90:58:b0:72</pre>
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<p>Most often, the first three numbers are an <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizationally_unique_identifier>organizationally unique identifier</a>, representing the hardware manufacturer. You can decode the OUI using the <a href=https://www.wireshark.org/tools/oui-lookup.html#>Wireshark Manufacturer Lookup page</a>. Note that this may be the manufacturer of your computer’s motherboard, network card, or Wi-Fi card. Manufacturers buy in many of the components of their computers and assemble them into the finished item, so don’t be surprised if it is different than the manufacturer of your computer.<div class=future_hybrid_paragraph></div>
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<p>Because MAC addresses are built-in, you can’t really change them. What you can do is configure your Linux system so that it <em>pretends</em> to have a different MAC address. As far as any other device on the network is concerned, the MAC address of your computer is the one it broadcasts, so the end result is the same.<div class=future_hybrid_paragraph></div>
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<h2 role=heading aria-level=2><a name=autotoc_anchor_1></a>Finding Your MAC Address</h2>
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<p>To find out your current MAC Address, you can use <a href=https://www.howtogeek.com/657911/how-to-use-the-ip-command-on-linux/>the <code>ip</code> command</a> with the <code>link</code> object. This will list your network interfaces, whether they are in use or disconnected the network.</p>
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<pre>ip link</pre>
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<p><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-881335" alt="Using the ip link command to discover the MAC addresses of a computer" src=data:image/webp;base64,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<p>This computer is a laptop with an active Wi-Fi connection, <code>wlan0</code> , and <a href=https://www.howtogeek.com/217463/wi-fi-vs.-ethernet-how-much-better-is-a-wired-connection/>a wired Ethernet connection</a>, <code>enp3s0</code> . The wired connection isn’t plugged in, so it is inactive. The laptop also has the default loopback connection, <code>lo</code>, configured.</p>
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<p><strong>RELATED:</strong> <a href=https://www.howtogeek.com/657911/how-to-use-the-ip-command-on-linux/><strong><em>How to Use the ip Command on Linux</em></strong></a></p>
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<h2 role=heading aria-level=2><a name=autotoc_anchor_2></a>Use macchanger to Change Your Linux MAC Address</h2>
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<p>The <code>macchanger</code> utility allows you to change the MAC address of a network interface with flexible options. You can set a specific MAC address or use a random MAC address. You can also get a new MAC address that uses the same three OUI bytes as your hardware, so that the network interface manufacturer stays the same.</p>
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<div id=purch_N_C_0_1 class="jw-error jw-reset sf-hidden" style=width:640px;height:360px><div class="jw-error-msg jw-info-overlay jw-reset sf-hidden"></div></div>
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<div style=clear:both></div>
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<h3><a name=autotoc_anchor_3></a>Installing macchanger</h3>
|
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<p>To install <code>macchanger</code> on Ubuntu, use this command:</p>
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<pre>sudo apt install macchanger</pre>
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<p><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-881336" alt="Installing macchanger on Ubuntu" src="data:image/webp;base64,UklGRjgQAABXRUJQVlA4TCsQAAAv04INAOpQ27YNI/1/t9OmjBExAVgEBVUOykXLCXDtbqqSHb3155RrbVsjOV7/qqquOmeYmZmZZ5qZh5mZmZnNzMzMzEzDzDzN6lZJqhqq/vWpq0zqMbSjqGC+YB2F43AQs3QsDsHHS2yHM8HoHAfh9ew7PVNAvTcm4qRm6X1n4QA4EyVgyMJxzHaCcGATxKTlDJyJY5CwbdvxNvsNtu3n+7Latm1HtW3bto3Ztm2vbmO/efNtEm7bOiOpf8wrtW3bts3C2Lbttm3btm1bSVXlJd3Tf0iOJCmSLE8zS561NPQCOtX2r5arfmOYmZmZmZmZmZlx4AwcPmfg4IbxFQ2RkLU2/MPQp42A0TASfms0ZUVJLKCDHSjjKj7SRcSstS1ETIQkPQrYbQRER8rE0t9K1GCXOhaiiLusCEgVCaSFc2sur44xcT3wvYIiaQTcequ4KANWJEm2FTddM7PzaA/4wQ98ohAUIMG2bbVtJvO+GIyS7ciyw4mZxfAl6//3BtFmmm3GUui/G7eNJImO5la62B8csUZm9/QQgGTcrPr/rx4qjXnBNQKswqe02/Zz5dbXNdJatZt1mmXBYZsyerCYEJ/kXa1BCHg2xIByV99/fUbcyWlQsghw+h6PShF2SXtdY+x5CnmVFYqtBdKswDlFV3v6ClQvYoXlpjhwCBPwzVdxwAsjQoKjZAajAL/wPF4sWW468VFfDka8cvrRYZF5iXv8g/+HD1+GhEQDgADH04Hh3aV4KEPRe9N8V5bkHNKjvH/OmIN1Reu3+ekx+EkuqnTLGZX6EH6axXGo+SxEgAzCSv1b+RIteqMOJIytfnP2hOAkLFwalrOGMoHlkcnNm79KtlMMq9y793dy3mjW00od2j/+91Kdbo7s0XQ0adouuTiHF0G0wGGRelCrYGVb2TXgoTZ6F0lA8ovW5WJRckffepvyChEcHCPiYF3pt8Way+MgOVEUOim3i6Kw8rKPIQLA2HIXzHiVniKSXRgyle6njoqah3jVNUtbIwTkjwpeicWjnUcCq/k4uPpGD8zhG1zg6Q1/q2nrkMkSHBmpA707ivBQhiQgmaG0F4urDkt6VCYGyup6bYsmiDxuJepYQ9KQMXJ4CjiWiQG0R/ZCQbxGKfBHrzk6884hHEr75OQI5HPoT5xJSB4AaXtpY6J27ADjWaCIV17qMW3o8rRReBJRIpbqSjLV8AzYBUCUUHbG9s0aTUjIS1iJ21T/KLTwFSsW1jl7gzoJ/IVpeM+V2wDGzrLG0z3DNRABgJyeJSUeDErosrwOg0l+RcWbae33JkJzFN4FIO35P3+t/P0OHtfSQHqwm9NEX42uER1AuclCOJyU07npB2FRYrRs78G/CVnZgG8/2YQnrwYSNaB/hTKB1dGp7Vt/STjl0T2/Ry3zaGMA/VGs8tXvzszo9MH5Mq96fUIDUF6CP2dyK0FAi5R4Maez05g9ow3IgPpUduuyj/u8hOHw0d1/Cl0rdVR0Ad81w8xh2+z4f3E6L2RvUm7GvDKZ3bTwzWYcTypg4snl+qB2ox+B1aBIab99atBezr+zy0nIhdzWEyZrNn06XyXq8e/VUaFIAjwPi5c3T07HLEoFLF4nnB1428EJBOwSQa1v/kPyiJi7Uh/QZuAEDgRc1gB6I5llK9+eiIiOVuw88LPRu1VdQx1o9A3InvNokxNJVggGBp7zYgwBMQfhflRB2eOPlyOWCAuiYxXb/R9YqMpIDvvOh9itPCa4LqvmT0ukC+O2PGoBEtU2SB1q3da0s6IXoII/+SA3252kjQnDdTf5okz9oCg5MIZG67sK8GqllLwwohpOkhdxigo0Q8I+1RFRhCFROISxgUB77HqYbiWLicYUVFctBar5dWZerNFhp9KZeU6dmi/MAoLM0HaWN/7ZIg1EAHhd2/1s9oZN7qhQ01tzuuZt9uLhWraDrUnaMQMArG8rfv6s+v9z1JzXjyAGdG7KFUdR/X4dRhkyCGtHBqxuwu0tW/1r+rq4+0d1zQjV2wKEAY2zYzZj8FjfyVh/lujIkk7rMn6hElA+KnSeRdMDzsZ6MfnnV87ysgXXAWWQC5g1p4fXC3Gu7xVycu64KFmq38PDb/c9qIz3iPP1C71xdfMqh2Ya9yjiy6WMLVq45grzGy2mbMs5WpZztMhvp6AB9KBS1sKyvKPPg61I+XbfwzjZLznQn379+uateFVf6TIOsBoUKe23z3e8cMC11fW42FkOD/q0eZ+ZtrQMJbj4AxCZ2tysVFyQ3DAb37okyp0Z2DrqYd1UVQ0I2GUOzg7JCfahX7m2cZPFncWL2MCBQMsSUDoyeC4BzQ+9JHRl+bVgJYnv8AuVgMIkv4kI6VCP4fDaAd5DY6vNf0+63DNUsRz5XngvPundA//EgEbBPgF0QVmGLCojjXw0XWxzDBBWZ45UHmS3lvfMAZufHokH2T3xFt4q95g2eKq04YyJg7L+4IPcHEuOVfCs6vd52KsdM2zE8hDnXO0sbpEeQfQXp7hIMyRBVcXHoNEdzSTtdyIJqisXI63PmO704BiiDtYQZXPE5Gak3rMtoALgaeCjQvO7pA2Jcb8tblV6Y9vDsC45GwAyWn/8jPn+yhfMRkQC8sWPCBtvfF13/dXCO00Nxzj5TkTW2izIvpeLldQfrLgu2f6Pni9o7DMQlMkW4FtBF8ScLsSpeRgcRERIUfKp+al04AsTlQooSNyPf4Aj3lk50QDWj9ThTbJ7jCmgzGSCmJgLOPi1qUrd2DCC/RPNeIP0DmMCdt2ModoKk4/5p1T3h9oasBoVKdNvH05YmzkZ/NUKOEF9ljTwUcvluE3ZMwCINIL3igHmZtEDvTVQEYkB0IUi5FPhmbTzfU0NOBBg2fzEHfYejvtk/yN1evmI2+zdkzbXNTUkoHJp0tld6KnOEvBz4f2R7zRPOV3Qem6GZxAoT2sNb2XPThRhjCcxhYxzaf1jwNpzFvIqyj0G7S/CinG65mp16giPtvknDCfF6YNZfVZLFOXpXA65pMdfrIb2Ak9gsmb2fI8xnkVoSLLZndq1HqNN/mGACACS0IYwoq0VPu2y/aFEvVynQl03vHdd+85t3Tu3te/3uK5713ityLSfhWgC3VZ+H+6YWtsmvVwszy+SwEZoyqrfWnSeZKm185//9i2w0OkA6C2Rt1y3h4MUb7UckbNSr5eLmD7Lb3kjzjYyAJKX9D6trGPll/0Y4eGSxXWBT4/+aE1Ln+23shFnGelgPyOERkzjyA9WqmQ1Cbjfbr5q+Ry/IVs6eKllc5zmnFksILIU+Vp4Q3W+r6FREgMgRgiPnMGRHyxV4ECAZfeLnLUGfVyk7N/GuRBUFI+oAwesysulqniDHygusxUqFfAykPRDn1w0mNnYLiRQySsesrJqtHsRWsoztaB13BjHaVevJ3Vn8vlz7RnQp04b6WRTfJ+4oLkKydMljKeZtw6j5PXi/8eFHpNLUK7iQwrbZHKSLNa92d3+uIjX3AsA6gBZqoMZCgzI6SDzzm211PzHw2tvFWTayzGdMii1X9Bw06sG627l26lKxRHgBVlm8t+ZU1aCiDogNK8Huz+5sGsgYZG+i/MtVwgL9WDzeAOewQul/fdH/T6uhMhdofwF0YHx7UXnK5V1zet9K3vZu3m/ibqHEmkz/ZY24WwjExDr0P7yv5bkMaB7RyFCjBC8eRL/UYHVqEiw334+ajkspy5rGtgAkSXJl8IrquNdNRodAK8GHAhQ8rvIX6rTxZGcnshZbTZhU87R0jYlHbUylBWo74Pp07XQMIUn79xsbkPbi2T3lrUU1LoQou5NUgeo6vW7sIqaZQBks5HzgDAbO3cf+3wTBJOeZVtdcs1eKEq0SgNB+gX5ZZZcsno9NsPzWZIHkP1UQ50E3ljvu7m5TK/ZF9ABcheUt2QGFJ3UOl6kuCWj9cePmK+vH1B+9GD3ZBN9I7rzN
|
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|
<p>To install <code>macchanger</code> on Fedora, you need to type:</p>
|
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|
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<pre>sudo dnf install macchanger</pre>
|
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|
|
<p><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-881337" alt="Installing macchanger on Fedora" src="data:image/webp;base64,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" width=724 height=55></p>
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|
|
<p>On Manjaro, the command is:</p>
|
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|
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<pre>sudo pacman -S macchanger</pre>
|
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|
|
<p><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-881338" alt="Installing macchanger on Manjaro" src="data:image/webp;base64,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
|
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|
|
<p>Depending on the version of <code>macchanger</code> that is in your distribution’s repositories, you may see a screen asking you whether you want to have a new MAC address created every time a network connection is brought online. That is, when you connect an <a href=https://www.howtogeek.com/807220/best-ethernet-cable/>Ethernet cable</a> or enable Wi-Fi.</p>
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<p><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-881339" alt="The macchanger installation options screen" src=data:image/webp;base64,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
|
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|
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<p>Use the arrow keys to move the highlight to the option you wish to use, and press “Enter.”<div class=future_hybrid_paragraph></div>
|
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|
|
<p>There is some convenience to this method, but we’re going to select “No”. We want to have some control over the MAC addresses we’re using. Also, you may not want to change the MAC address on every network interface that your computer has. Perhaps you only want to change it on your Wi-Fi card, for example.<div class=future_hybrid_paragraph></div>
|
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<h3><a name=autotoc_anchor_4></a>Using macchanger to Temporarily Change a MAC Address</h3>
|
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|
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<p>You can’t reset the MAC address on a network interface that is in use. We can change the MAC address of our Ethernet connection because it isn’t connected, so it is inactive.</p>
|
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|
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<p>The <code>-r</code> (random) option generates a completely random MAC address. We need to pass the name of the network interface we want to set the MAC address on.<div class=future_hybrid_paragraph></div>
|
|||
|
|
<pre>sudo macchanger -r enp3s0</pre>
|
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|
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<p><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-881340" alt="Setting a random MAC address with macchanger" src="data:image/webp;base64,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
|
|||
|
|
<p>The MAC address that was in use was the same as the underlying hardware MAC address, or permanent MAC address. The new MAC address is shown at the bottom.<div class=future_hybrid_paragraph></div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>We can change the Wi-Fi card’s MAC address too, if we bring down the <a href=https://www.howtogeek.com/804785/best-wi-fi-adapter/>Wi-Fi adapter</a>, change the MAC address, then enable the Wi-Fi adapter.<div class=future_hybrid_paragraph></div>
|
|||
|
|
<pre>sudo networkctl down wlan0</pre>
|
|||
|
|
<pre>sudo macchanger -r wlan0</pre>
|
|||
|
|
<pre>sudo networkctl up wlan0</pre>
|
|||
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<p><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-881341" alt="Disabling and enabling a Wi-Fi connection to allow its MAC address to be changed using machanger" src="data:image/webp;base64,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<p>If you don’t want a random MAC address, you can use the <code>-m</code> (MAC address option) and specify a MAC address in colon “:” format, in lowercase hexadecimal.</p>
|
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<pre>sudo macchanger -m ae:f9:9b:31:40:c0 enp3s0</pre>
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<p><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-881342" alt="Setting a specific MAC address with macchanger" src="data:image/webp;base64,UklGRsoRAABXRUJQVlA4TL4RAAAvjEIgAFXZkf9/3dwm94hlZmZmZmZmZmZmZlgzMzOcIHinR//v9/fb51k9+981qHRpuQ2DvFfIUxkOEJQusYEjGFYjqwoz4/bSGOtfGNqkY07KeBh0g8xoxtCHGW/A6bczXiEzZh+Abe3Mtm7pCuwtwyxjnZkNGDt1nugUpiswu6Rq67i1JpzWVegIZu5Cxp0xuwuoCjx90HwDtrswJ7qB2YfYzPgA4cieVZVxJ38MVUBVzEntLvCcIoytZ8LJBcx2FR8h7iXKtm3a0et/j23btm3btp2zvW+ShhgAkiGp6vPP62zb1ttV1X9IbNtIklTA3rut1MzehlHvk8XgzLhO7nT+W/HaE7Pa6EgmO7d64gpKFdY/12KXWlZxCoxPPBRVY0bVVBTVPVNKZbR711BEz7yklrH9yUZSLcgUVEfJUhHkkJCxInJj6LpBeXDsNb/eIrn7L38vo5DFxrWisrZdaqXs6n5Szz8OCS//lG4+tMRhKLFlVG5V19/MUyK5YkqCzricCTiRiLFCdAPg2tEX5NB6SJGaoQp0I0GPLIYTyAkk4CiUU0tQHWAhJTKaDAYQh7MITn3o+kCFcCxC7OUDyM0l9jWnJPHyA2ipJbViL3JYPNYVX8x1dp/G+WvJzaPKC1t3l6GGzBpMtpJ5+NaQ4u1H5UVNpWpPLmW9djbvWLMWAEBl6ELYSMJYDzhNhRbOQ4ZZMpRESNoQPjcBEL8z7PBCMpJURQ5M3hy/eJzxGatG5yoQYi8fQG4usa/ZZaSyavp2qZXH1pRRMZDu0XNpDcPqs2q+pTYOE3v7RfZLR5Xv2BoIrrJZPSNuSn6j62py6wOV0jRM/PUHUWvKqOY8vwdGUZehXkCm29cKyzq1ppSrzG/mPb6NU+Ovqiho5j69qzqvUUNWPcv1C6gfgqvk7z5PX1V+Y4+kn74RP6iIntmVh5o8PjD8VdFd0zyntnt99c724REqj+ntncuu7qV9/MKRsKL9BkH1gStBp6YBWghK0gjkKPADDiiD0hioNlC3BuI1TtV/+OLI8RgY0lZUjt69//3rANcJ+ieSNZTGqQsU0TNhI4BMFTWDGsH4dsldwBq2DE7EH6duBONlDVcmWeMRp7MUcv3ogBaDGg3KVwJL/pQfT1kRJTEjsHnMFd0aAtcDdiVIzEVg/Blf4K9+AFCU4H0Bk0w9dYS4jc2BfIBQFZAZH8bDGqsqlHt14KSNnCcAuBVNBoAMBAZYn3/WjU5DEZg6MTsD4exA1IfuI+8DAHR+bj+tOQiqIrtXh07GSOeitx/1NbfEYaykpK0qL2qWW9VTBkpsHV+52I5JZUUtVWZdHwl+/deZULwpUH5ld4YEvoXi2ieqnOre4bUnlyotbgVSZLh3rzOhFC8aiXz8ZbZ1qy259F/qheyWj6rt4tqnfxl6JH+l9phbtR03hfoZ+IuqpKT1Ua+7b6r+Ul5lV5VRPwD14sggQlo/gE8WUThOUm9P4fYT4CieXDbZx5KeIUUDRxee8RtilE82EHIZ1wM8SyFzBKSpnGr9RJ3BslWgj/+4xhnR0w3IWBE7HYPl2DwF3AWsP07XGOPxvwPjZZ1H65GPoFq0x4yTJG8ECuTUAv4A8mUfZ2CSylAn/DJpIwgScxGoP+cLn8ZBU1sAADWiM1ECcHXpFEjZOA/xYT2sNaF/4VMCuQY062m5RHaSOsHJGSmsTzmU3DmJGwxYWviWxzhnPqLpIOpD95H6UOj8dD/JfDWi6Fz09qO+5paUbj5UZUWtu8MutWIg0fc/f4xUZ2Kx7vjChfEI9ZqEPv8XKbVxiIQ//9RAk2Ww/yirpq+SffjKcfG4F4LPMJCKzHgNpe4CBDLAX/nGB0K1OXX1GupnoO27AEj+7ktVk9vA3YdSL6ZeDDX+92n/6RpV/bnS/zlFTElEZBhpYqU+eiJHrFEyUHYPMHi0FJS4U/OMR/gZgaQNAaEZ1keXbqgQnScbQPcpKYY8G1ANuEsA4C5gXQgI5w7ixXmUTvk18MAslEDEcwKWSeJzYvOWg8KCX73Uijas3fm5AID6c75AoppfggO/G3Lqz0afBBofzkP7TArG8a7IeUaK2GzQ/mAeMD5hj7MEJpqL5aWloeN0ulg0Psw+cj4EZn6yn8x82rnI7cf6mllCqWI7pto3SfHm87G1J5eUUom9/SLT7ZvKZXaf1dpZZbZ9RWoXb0qzUj9/LXBoVX5l91bqzT9SkanXemog7k1+pRakfgYKGlwCQEZ7D/VYoPT6gYpMvShJR2gtpox+kNMP6o2lhZhy/AUYcPcM9x6Tqr+w3/ZyUWzQVJDnvRlSMDQDgoYUNMsDsAR8haFeUGCW6Ri/LBddJaXHYilRgNXTUmhZ/RjCBYGkjU2DQLw4j2wlqx2xQOOgGRFjvPWjGNaxBqKBXcK5KNSf8wUAnkW7iO62XzCtDeehxeLyC7DrWL/ReQAAM055LAKDJoM+AJzUMAgA2H2U8GHmJ/vJzEfmorcfM4eZJfXzN1VRaQd7tq284qbYpVaqy66lcf562LIq8ddf+D+xjPrh29/UHRL6/Fc1ZlbXA4B190rgWzNc+2YqMuN1OnUZYD0tk6oFqZ+BvCY30DzYS/NA68WBQE7hi3Oe3+eweDzxxP9Xn1UDvw4ojNMACFg+NSdwgh8uMV4MDa7hE9UASSlcoknglwtHIwHraAAAWEcToPViufne5VJeujOAgTYDABgN6s/5Ape4Ig8A5Ml5qdaH89CStMElzogCn4wUu1IYzx4bCrLZGg0Kb/ss/pqZAshK8BytP7uPrA8AMPMLiOoSmsxFbz/qa26Ji7OHCjaxUl4nKrvUyrWHVgZQbPu0jqRSzemV4tsmANpVlRc1r93B5Jj//4cVOLT0fd5HIzNeuc3s1bPb3bTv7uidnPgx3L3s6r4a+ruqg7tLABEXrjK/oZRSp+cYci4LfjMlUAumRMYB6SpC+AG/6zZO58jWvwJlkX/fvccNS6NAghBdIklDZwayVnz5Qui0CE6cEekFKFovlpI4eQu04oUxrDPin5GMB/XnfOET8csWlgV+iTQUqx9BfFgP6+9jeFSECsn4bH7fPixJGJcpnULh/bUPpp8mfsM/a0W/kPow+8n5gN83lvIoMVwrooSkczG3H/E1u+92l2B2qZV5O1BeCH66PQoZWBTTOQ1MOscvSmW4dwcQNyWviW3VeY3ak0sfzXl+jwS/5Jv3xBYAwHjFYcxu+fTRNy0b3ItC/Bhw2OE1ZlavXHjv/DDYH7QXaqbKC1ujgGP/XuoBT/m7nYF0DFEaBYWMZCBJ4wpdb5CTxMABJXEaAIe/n6sMS1aPjul5TgPITnG2R9YB7tJCL0DRerG0N14TQbYo7c8In1gh3vfK6xkPxp/xBaoDrwCW6/muHj0dBbQ+vId1nNfGLoMTn5PzaWdvW6NBbgcAL7W5B9hsrlp/FuTHGWWU3Rh/Zj+JD4XOz3KeV8YOGZ+TzsXcfsTXLP99E4B9/r5Zd3zxzalcvoe6K0y37AFw+GMRRK2qyDcHLrF3/gI4PsvajmPyb0hjrIx37xWWdZ64bPZLJ4fES5QiZLh3f0cQhWX1/TxW3D9EH44RF3QciFPh7+/vhSBwefn7+++JIHFtFrIG9F+nGhOOEs6M0bW2TsYSn9MR+e017F8FeHguLIPbF41F1Pa714XcfNuBfL9tVM7hy7PieL8GvjheNAAP6xwAmcOUrOLi7e09uhTtRY9YOzpHgTz28bQUy3hf+LLIruLEtSTt5yuBKUEBjPIoepC5JsmJc8SYRUt8jEkfIhoH2aGBYE0FGUjaUAP6bIsCdA4TkovkpdJ/l1w9HQmSMJ5TDvt6jmFd0TXMLOLEtRzTV0GBacEDs5DoQDYogAwANETLJK7pBcRJ5g98L2JAo0GGRDXD1J9KTtHHtssbiPX64XsEmDmAv/pJYYTE9v
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<p><strong>RELATED:</strong> <a href=https://www.howtogeek.com/839969/how-to-set-a-static-ip-address-in-ubuntu/><strong><em>How to Set a Static IP Address in Ubuntu</em></strong></a></p>
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<h2 role=heading aria-level=2><a name=autotoc_anchor_5></a>How to Permanently Change a MAC Address</h2>
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<p>That’s all nice and simple, but it doesn’t survive a reboot.</p>
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<p>We can achieve that however, by using a <code>systemd</code> unit file. We’ll get <code>macchanger</code> to give our laptop new MAC addresses for its <a href=https://www.howtogeek.com/804793/what-is-ethernet/>Ethernet</a> and Wi-Fi interfaces each time it boots.<div class=future_hybrid_paragraph></div>
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<p>We’re going to use the <code>-e</code> (ending) option so that the MAC address is changed but the three OUI bytes remain the same.<div class=future_hybrid_paragraph></div>
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<p>That means our <a href=https://www.howtogeek.com/192173/how-and-why-to-change-your-mac-address-on-windows-linux-and-mac/>spoofed MAC address</a> will appear to belong to hardware manufactured by the same companies that made our actual Ethernet and Wi-Fi hardware. This will avoid problems with any <a href=https://www.howtogeek.com/722600/best-wi-fi-routers/>routers</a>, <a href=https://www.howtogeek.com/177621/the-beginners-guide-to-iptables-the-linux-firewall/>firewalls</a>, or <a href=https://www.howtogeek.com/297386/will-using-a-network-switch-slow-my-internet-down/>switches</a> that reject <a href=https://www.howtogeek.com/797005/what-is-a-data-packet/>packets</a> that don’t come from hardware with a recognized manufacturer.<div class=future_hybrid_paragraph></div>
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<p>We’re going to create two services. There’ll be one for the Ethernet connection, and one for the Wi-Fi connection. A single unit file will act as a template for each service.</p>
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<div class=relatedside><div class=relateditemwrap><a class=relateditemimg role=presentation tabindex=-1 title="How to List Linux Services With systemctl" href=https://www.howtogeek.com/839285/how-to-list-linux-services-with-systemctl/><img alt="How to List Linux Services With systemctl" loading=lazy src=data:image/webp;base64,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
|
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|
|
<p>To create our unit file, we need to <a href=https://www.howtogeek.com/822971/review-linux-sudo-usage-history/>use <code>sudo</code></a> and edit a file with the base name we want our services to have. The at sign “@” sign in the file name is replaced by the name of the network connection when the service is launched, as we’ll see.</p>
|
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|
|
<p>We’re calling our unit file “macspoof@.service” because it spoofs MAC addresses.<div class=future_hybrid_paragraph></div>
|
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|
|
<pre>sudo gedit /etc/systemd/system/macspoof@.service</pre>
|
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|
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<p><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-881343" alt="Launching an editor to create a systemd unit file" src="data:image/webp;base64,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" width=653 height=55></p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Copy this text into your unit file, save your file, and close your editor.<div class=future_hybrid_paragraph></div>
|
|||
|
|
<pre>[Unit]
|
|||
|
|
Description=Spoofing MAC address on %I
|
|||
|
|
Wants=network-pre.target
|
|||
|
|
Before=network-pre.target
|
|||
|
|
BindsTo=sys-subsystem-net-devices-%i.device
|
|||
|
|
After=sys-subsystem-net-devices-%i.device
|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
|
[Service]
|
|||
|
|
ExecStart=/usr/bin/macchanger -e %I
|
|||
|
|
Type=oneshot
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
[Install]
|
|||
|
|
WantedBy=multi-user.target</pre>
|
|||
|
|
<p>We need to create a service for each of our connections. We do this by adding the name of the network interface behind the at sign “@” in the unit name. We’ll do our Ethernet connection first:<div class=future_hybrid_paragraph></div>
|
|||
|
|
<pre>sudo systemctl enable macspoof@enp3s0.service</pre>
|
|||
|
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<p>And we’ll do the same thing for our Wi-Fi connection.<div class=future_hybrid_paragraph></div>
|
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|
|
<pre>sudo systemctl enable macspoof@wlan0.service</pre>
|
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<p><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-881345" alt="Enabling the two services to change MAC addresses at boot time" src="data:image/webp;base64,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
|
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|
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<p>After rebooting our laptop, we can use <code>macchanger</code> to see what our current MAC addresses are. Note we don’t need to use <code>sudo</code> because we’re only using <code>macchanger</code> to report on the MAC address settings, and not to change them.<div class=future_hybrid_paragraph></div>
|
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<pre>macchanger enp3s0</pre>
|
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|
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<pre>macchanger wlan0</pre>
|
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<p><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-881346" alt="Using macchanger to show the current MAC addresses for the Ethernet and Wi-Fi connections" src="data:image/webp;base64,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
|
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|
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<p>This shows us the currently active, spoofed, MAC addresses on our two network interfaces, and their original MAC addresses.<div class=future_hybrid_paragraph></div>
|
|||
|
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<p>Because we used the <code>-e</code> (ending) option in our unit file, the first three bytes of the spoofed addresses are the same as the first three bytes of the original MAC addresses.<div class=future_hybrid_paragraph></div>
|
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|
<h2 role=heading aria-level=2><a name=autotoc_anchor_6></a>Permanently Changing a MAC Address with GNOME</h2>
|
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<p>Most desktop environments allow you to set a new MAC address. In <a href=https://www.howtogeek.com/808226/what-is-gnome-in-linux/>GNOME</a> you can do this by opening “Settings” and selecting either “Wi-Fi” or “Network” from the sidebar.</p>
|
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<p>Click the cogged wheel icon next to the connection you wish to set a MAC address for, and select the “Identity” tab.<div class=future_hybrid_paragraph></div>
|
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|
|
<p>You can enter a new MAC address in the “MAC Address” field, or select the genuine MAC address from the drop-down menu.<div class=future_hybrid_paragraph></div>
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<p><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-881347" alt="The GNOME network connection Identity tab in the Settings application" src="data:image/webp;base64,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
|
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|
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<p>The “Cloned Address” drop-down menu lets you select from:</p>
|
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<ul>
|
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<li><strong>Preserve</strong>: Keep the MAC address at boot-time. Don’t change from the set MAC address.</li>
|
|||
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|
<li><strong>Permanent</strong>: Use the genuine hardware MAC address.</li>
|
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|
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<li><strong>Random</strong>: Generate a random MAC address.</li>
|
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<li><strong>Stable</strong>: Generate a stable, hashed MAC address. Every time the connection activates, the same fake MAC address is used. This can be useful in cases where you want to hide your hardware MAC address, but you need to get the same IP address from a DHCP router.</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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|
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<p>Your changes will take place when you reboot, or turn the connection off and on again.<div class=future_hybrid_paragraph></div>
|
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|
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<h2 role=heading aria-level=2><a name=autotoc_anchor_7></a>Be Careful!</h2>
|
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<p>Changing your MAC address isn’t illegal, so long as you don’t do it to impersonate someone else’s network device. Your jurisdiction will probably have laws in place to deal with unlawfully receiving network traffic. For example, the UK has the <a href=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1990/18/contents>Computer Misuse Act</a> and the U.S. has the <a href=https://www.nacdl.org/Landing/ComputerFraudandAbuseAct>Computer Fraud and Abuse Act</a>.</p>
|
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|
|
<p>Become anonymous by all means, but don’t pretend to be someone else.<div class=future_hybrid_paragraph></div>
|
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|
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<p><strong>RELATED:</strong> <a href=https://www.howtogeek.com/664589/how-to-use-bmon-to-monitor-network-bandwidth-on-linux/><strong><em>How to Use bmon to Monitor Network Bandwidth on Linux</em></strong></a></p>
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<span>
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<a href=https://www.howtogeek.com/author/davidmckay/ style=font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:20px;font-family:oswald,roboto,sans-serif;padding-top:0;margin-top:0;line-height:20px><span style=padding-top:0;margin-top:0>Dave McKay</span></a>
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<br style=margin-top:10px><span style=font-size:15px>Dave McKay first used computers when punched paper tape was in vogue, and he has been programming ever since. After over 30 years in the IT industry, he is now a full-time technology journalist. During his career, he has worked as a freelance programmer, manager of an international software development team, an IT services project manager, and, most recently, as a Data Protection Officer. His writing has been published by howtogeek.com, cloudsavvyit.com, itenterpriser.com, and opensource.com. Dave is a Linux evangelist and open source advocate. <br style=display:none><a href=https://www.howtogeek.com/author/davidmckay/ style=text-transform:uppercase;font-size:13px;font-weight:bold>Read Full Bio »</a></span>
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